What are chromosomes and how do they work?
Your body has about 37 trillion cells. At the center of each cell lies a nucleus, which contains the information the cell needs to do its job. That information exists in a code u2014 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) u2014 the blueprint for life. That code is stored in dense, coiled structures called chromosomes.
A single strand of DNA within a cell is about 2 meters long. Chromosomes allow the entire genetic code to fit in a much more compact space. They ensure when cells divide, each new cell gets a complete copy of the genetic code. They are also how humans pass on genetic information from one generation to the next.
What are genes and how do they influence who we are?
Genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes that code for specific proteins. These proteins carry out various functions throughout your body and determine various traits, such as your eye color or whether you can produce a specific hormone.